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LMIA Canada for Employers and Foreign Workers

A Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) is often the employer-side step required before a foreign worker can apply for an employer-specific work permit. The correct stream, wage, recruitment strategy and business documents matter. Argus can help employers and workers understand how the LMIA and work permit stages fit together.

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Overview

What is an LMIA?

A Labour Market Impact Assessment is an assessment completed by Employment and Social Development Canada / Service Canada under the Temporary Foreign Worker Program. It considers the effect that hiring a temporary foreign worker would have on Canada's labour market.

A positive LMIA generally confirms that the employer demonstrated a need for a temporary foreign worker under the applicable program requirements. The worker then normally uses the positive LMIA to support a work permit application.

When it is required

Does an employer need an LMIA?

Most employers need an LMIA before hiring a temporary foreign worker for an employer-specific work permit unless an LMIA exemption applies.

The first step is therefore not to start advertising blindly. It is to determine whether the proposed job falls under the Temporary Foreign Worker Program or whether the worker may qualify through the International Mobility Program or another authorization.

Program requirements

LMIA stream, wage and recruitment requirements

High-wage or low-wage stream

The offered wage is compared with the applicable provincial or territorial hourly wage threshold to determine whether the high-wage or low-wage rules apply. These thresholds are updated periodically.

Prevailing wage

The offered wage must also meet the applicable prevailing-wage rules for the occupation and work location.

Recruitment

Employers generally need to demonstrate reasonable efforts to recruit Canadians and permanent residents before applying. The exact advertising period and methods depend on the LMIA stream and current program requirements.

Business legitimacy

Employers must provide evidence showing that the business and job offer are legitimate and that the employer can meet its obligations.

Application process

How the LMIA process works

  1. Confirm whether an LMIA is required.
  2. Select the correct LMIA stream. Wage level, occupation and purpose affect the stream.
  3. Confirm the wage and program requirements.
  4. Complete the required recruitment and advertising.
  5. Prepare business-legitimacy and job-offer documentation.
  6. Submit the LMIA application through LMIA Online where applicable.
  7. Respond to Service Canada during assessment.
  8. If the LMIA is positive, provide the required documents to the worker.
  9. The worker submits the work permit application.
Documents

Documents commonly involved in an LMIA application

  • business registration or licence information;
  • CRA and other business-legitimacy documents;
  • job description and NOC information;
  • wage and working-condition details;
  • advertising and recruitment records;
  • results of recruitment efforts;
  • transition plan where required for a high-wage position;
  • employment-related documents; and
  • other stream-specific forms or supporting records.

Employers must retain recruitment documentation for the period required by the program.

Fees and validity

LMIA fees, processing and validity

Processing fees and service standards depend on the LMIA stream and current rules. Some applications are exempt from the processing fee.

Positive LMIAs are generally valid for a limited period for the worker to submit the work permit application. For LMIA applications received on or after May 1, 2024, ESDC states that positive decisions are generally valid for up to 6 months, subject to the program rules and exceptions.

Common issues

Common LMIA application problems

  • choosing the wrong high-wage, low-wage or other LMIA stream;
  • offering a wage that does not meet the prevailing-wage requirement;
  • recruitment that does not meet the required duration, methods or ongoing-advertising rules;
  • weak business-legitimacy evidence;
  • job duties or requirements that do not align with the occupation;
  • low-wage positions affected by refusal-to-process rules or caps;
  • employer compliance history; and
  • assuming that a positive LMIA itself grants the worker the right to work.
Professional support

How Argus can help with LMIA-related immigration cases

Argus can help determine how the proposed job fits within the immigration process, review the relationship between the LMIA and work permit stages, coordinate immigration documentation and assist with the related worker application. The exact employer-side LMIA services offered for a particular matter should be confirmed in the written retainer.

FAQs

LMIA FAQs

What does a positive LMIA mean?

It generally means Service Canada determined that the employer met the applicable program requirements and that hiring the foreign worker would have a neutral or positive labour-market impact under that assessment. The worker still needs the required immigration authorization.

Does every foreign worker need an LMIA?

No. Some workers qualify for LMIA-exempt work permits or open work permits.

How long is a positive LMIA valid?

For many current LMIA decisions, the worker must submit the work permit application within the LMIA validity period, which is generally up to 6 months for decisions covered by the current rule.

Can an employer skip recruitment if they already chose a foreign worker?

Not usually. Recruitment and advertising are core requirements for many LMIA streams unless a specific exemption applies.

Does an LMIA guarantee the worker's work permit?

No. IRCC separately assesses the worker's work permit application and admissibility.

Official information

Current government sources

Immigration rules can change. These pages were reviewed against current official sources on September 23, 2026:

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Your next step

Discuss your immigration case with Argus

Every application depends on the individual facts. A consultation can help identify the program requirements, documents and issues that are most relevant to your situation.